![]() Today, essentially all scientists have rejected the flat earth belief. Because of his advanced age, he was only placed under house arrest. The Italian polymath, Galileo Galilei, (1564 – 1642 CE) was luckier. The Church had the Italian philosopher, Giordano Bruno (1548-1600 CE), burned at the stake, at least in part because of his astronomical beliefs. This was in the days before religious tolerance became widespread, when people in many countries were only free to believe in the teachings of the established state religion. The earth-centered universe concept was adopted by the early Catholic Church which fiercely defended the belief. His estimate was within 15% of the actual value. His estimate was based on the distance between the locations, which were due North of each other. He had the length measured of the shadows produced by two sticks stuck vetically into the Earth. Many centuries after Genesis was written, Eratosthenes of Cyrene in Greece (276 to 194 BCE) proved that the Earth was approximately spherical in shape by measuring its approximate diameter. He believed, incorrectly, in the geocentric concept: that the sun, moon, planets and stars rotated in perfect circles around the Earth. Deviating from the Flat Earth concept, he taught that the Earth was spherical in shape. Plato (circa 428 to 348 BCE) was a philosopher in Classical Greece. “And God made two great lights the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.17 And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth.” “And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.” The King James Version of Genesis translates the original Hebrew as:: Old Testament) clearly explains this arrangment. The first chapter in the Hebrew Scriptures (a.k.a. ![]() This belief is similar to Hades, in the ancient Greek religion. The Earth’s oceans and seas were referred to as the “lower waters.” Under the Earth there was believed to be a massive cave called Sheol where everyone went after they died and were buried. Perhaps the pillars holding up the Earth also were believed to go “all the way down.” Legends say that when someone asked a religious authority what the lowest and largest turtle stood on, the reply was that “it is turtles all the way down.” It is often believed that the Hindu religion has taught that the world lies on top of a gigantic turtle, which is lying on top of a pile of progressively larger turtles. Unfortunately, there is no clear indication in the Bible how the pillars were supported. The Earth itself was supported on multiple columns or pillars. It had numerous windows that could be opened from time to time to allow some of the upper waters to fall onto the the Earth in the form of rain or snow. Above the dome were the “upper seas.”Īlso above the Firmament was Heaven, where God was believed to dwell. The sun, moon, planets and stars were were believed to be located just under the Firmament, and circled around the Earth once a day. The Bible describes the Firmament as metallic. Old Testament) taught the same beliefs.Īncient Greeks and Romans both believed that the firmament was made of glass. Above the Earth was a dome, which was referred to as the “Firmament.” It was supported by mountains at the edge of the Earth.Īuthors of the Hebrew Scriptures (a.k.a. Ancient Pagan religions in the Mediterranean region taught that the Earth was shaped like a flat disk, and was located at the center of the universe.
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